Necrotic and Apoptotic Cell Death Pathways

Apoptosis is a very common mechanism of cell death that contributes to normal cell turnover, and there are many examples of the utility of apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis is also known as programmed cell death because the steps follow an orderly sequence (a death program), and tissue disruption, organ dysfunction, and inflammation are minimized.

Why is it important for cell death programs to exist? How do they contribute to normal physiology and the prevention of disease? What are the characteristics of Necrotic and Apoptotic Cell Death Pathways?

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Necrotic can be described as an uncontrollable cell injury that leads to cell death due to pathological processes such as swelling of the cell organelles and the rapture of plasma membrane, leading to spillage of intracellular contents into other tissues (Khalid, & Azimpouran, 2022). It is mainly characterized by swelling of the cell, nucleus, and nuclear fragmentation. Other characteristics include the plasma membrane’s rapture, organelles’ swelling, and the cells’ lysis. On the contrary, apoptotic cell death is characterized by the shrinkage of cells, rapid phagocytosis of other cells surrounding the dead cells, and fragmentation of cells into membrane-bound apoptotic bodies.

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Necrotic and Apoptotic Cell Death Pathways
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