My requirement is to write a small paper, which is not very difficult but requires absolutely high standards of content
Topic：What types of NTMs (non-tariff measures) exist and how the different types of NTMs affect international trade?
At least 600 words.
The PDF document I uploaded below is some of the knowledge points that may be covered in this small paper. Please make sure to read it before starting work.
Answer preview
the adverse balance of payment. Thirdly, the countries utilize the technical and administrative regulations to restrict the cross-border trade. Some countries impose technical specifications that imports must meet. Li & Beghin (2017), highlight that this is a common method in pharmaceutical products, agricultural products, and automotive. Some countries use consular formalities to restrict the cross-border trade. According to Cadot & Gourdon (2016), most countries obligates the importers to present both consular and shipping documents. Some of the consular documents include certified invoices, certificates of origin, and import certificates. In some instances, a country obliges the importers to draw the consular documents in the importing country language. Countries impose heavy penalties on the importers if they fail to meet the stipulated requirements. They charge quite heavy fees to acquire and draw the consular documents. In this measure, the country makes the importing process more tedious for importers (Carrère, & De Melo, 2011). Lastly, countries use the preferential arrangement to regulate trade among themselves. In this measure, member countries negotiate and arrive in consensus about how they will trade among themselves. They agree on how they will trade with nonmember countries.
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