Longitudinal study (i.e., since diseases occur over time, we normally expect a longitudinal recording of exposures and diseases in the follow-up study and in the case control study)
Define the relevant etiologic time window
What is the available knowledge of the conditions under study?
What is the hypothesized effect of the exposure?
Research study base – describe the research study base used for the research paper you are reviewing
Population sampling – describe the sampling approach used in the research (e.g., randomized cohort, case/control)
Data type – describe the type of data collection used in the research paper
Primary data – referred to as ad hoc data, or actual collection of data by researcher from a primary source or person
Secondary data – referred to as antecedent data, is data collected primarily for other purposes and used in the study (e.g., data from medical files, registration records, and so on)
Descriptive statistics – can be defined as those methods involving the collection, presentation, and characterization of a set of data in order to describe the various features of that set of data properly
Conclusion – describe the conclusions that were made in the research and indicate whether you believe these conclusions were valid or not
Outline one or more study limitations and opportunity for further research
Use at least two additional references or other research papers that confirm whether these conclusions are valid
Use at least three references/sources such as following
The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)
Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA)
The Lancet
American Journal of Public Health
Answer preview
The determination of the effect of screening in Norway is observational study design. In this research, observation is made about the death which occurred as a result of breast cancer in four groups. Two groups involved women living in 1996 to 2005 in counties with screening services and without screening. Another two groups involved a historical period of 1985 to 1996 for the same regions. The study focused on comparing the reduction in the rate of death between those two periods of screening and non-screening development in medical health. The observation is that in the period 1996 to 2005 the rate of reduction of death is higher than in the historical period. This shows that the study aligns itself towards taking observations of the behavior of patients when screened with the infections. The population study involves records of patient’s ad not the practical involvement of all the populations in different experiments.
