Students must use academic referencing and a bibliography in this essay (see the Postgraduate Student Handbook for more information and guidance on Referencing and Academic Honesty). The content includes introduction, main paragraph, case studies (examples), conclusion. I will provide relevant literatures and some information for the essay.
And the most important thing is to use as much literature as possible (almost 20). I will provide a reading list. Select your main readings from the “Reading List”, but also remember to draw on other additional relevant sources as part of your independent study.
Please read carefully the section in your Course Handbook on ‘Plagiarism and Referencing’, and remember that referencing of all source material should conform to the Harvard / APA referencing system. E.G. (In brackets aut hor surname only, year, page) – not endnotes, footnotes, bullet points or author surname followed by initial .
This lecture will examine the audience from the point of view of the media industries. It will examine why the media wish to carry out audience research and how this differs from the audience research carried out by academics. In particular it will explore the economic imperatives behind media audience research. The lecture will ask questions about audience power and examine this in the light of the audience as ‘produser’.
and Wollen, T (eds.) The Neglected Audiences London, BFI.
7. Miller, P. (1994) ‘Made to Order and Standardized Audiences: Forms of Reality in
Audience Measurement’ in Ettema, J and Whitney, D. (eds.) Audience Making: How the
Media Create the Audience, Thousand Oaks C.A. Sage
8. ‘Twitter to drive TV ratings beyond an assumption of engagement’ B and T Weekly 04/14 9. Bird, S. E. (2011). Are We All Produsers Now? Cultural Studies, 25(4-5), 502-516.
doi:10.1080/09502386.2011.600532
Answer preview
Moreover, conferring to the research study by Toynbee (2006, p. 92), the media industries’ view is also outlined thoughtfully. This study focused on the media’s view of the audience in a specified region. Consumers and citizen perspectives are viewed as variably in the media industries. Toynbee (2006, p.92) claims that since the adoption of new technologies where audiences have numerous multi-channels, the citizen-centered stance shifted. Through this, media industries and audiences started perceiving one another in a market-oriented model consumer aspect. Likewise, media industries started seeing audiences as consumers and adopting a market-oriented model to gain productivity and profits in the industry. Through this analysis, Toynbee (2006, p.111) concluded that media industries perceive their audiences as consumers first than citizens. The main reason is the major shift of media industries from a news commodity
