Managing Projects in an Organizational Context
Managing projects requires an understanding of the organizational structure under which the project will be conducted. There are many different types of organizational structures. Three of the most common major types of organizational structure are functional, matrix, and project-oriented. Among the three major structures, there are similarities and differences in where authority resides, who controls the budget, how resources are allocated, and what roles and responsibilities the project manager and project team members assume. Each of these factors has the potential to influence project outcomes. Also, the skills a project manager needs are dependent on the organizational structure under which the project will be conducted. This is especially true regarding technical vs. interpersonal skills.
Answer the following below:
- Briefly describe each of the three common types of organizational structures. What are the similarities and differences among them?
- What skills does a project manager need that are the same regardless of the organizational structure? Support your response with at least one example.
- What skills does a project manager need that differ depending on the structure of the organization? Support your response with at least one example.
- In what ways does organizational culture influence how a project manager applies these skills? Support your response with at least one example.
References:
Skulmoski, G. J., & Hartman, F. T. (2010). Information systems project manager soft competencies: A project-phase investigation. Project Management Journal, 41(1), 61–80.
Project Management Institute. (2017). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide). Sixth edition. Newtown Square, PA: Author.
Answer preview
In organizations that have a positive organizational culture where employees are considered to be an integral part of the growth process, managers are more likely to be committed and exercise the above skills better. They will use the skills to ensure the general wellbeing of the organization as they will feel that the success of the firm is their responsibility. However, organizations with a negative organizational culture will limit the extent to which these skills will are applicable (Project Management Institute, 2017). Managers and employees will likely find themselves dreading work and focusing their efforts on sabotaging other departments which is detrimental to the organization. In conclusion, the three organizational structures are beneficial to organizations depending on the current situation. To get the full advantage of these structures, managers need to have general skills for project management as
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