Evaluate the predominant theory or theories regarding the biological basis of the disorder. Explain the disorder in terms of pertinent neurotransmitter and receptor theories and use your references to provide an evidence base for these theories. Analyze neurotransmitter system(s) involved in the pathology of the disorder, including a description of: 1) the involved neurotransmitter(s) and receptor(s), 2) regions of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nervous system) involved with any pathological anatomical changes, and 3) abnormalities of neural circuits and pathways. Include an explanation of how receptor agonists or antagonists would theoretically treat the disorder to reverse the pathology and restore normal function, or why they would be expected to improve symptoms.
Treatment:
Evaluate drug therapies for treating the disorder based on the current understanding of the biological basis of the disorder. Include a description of the behavioral symptoms and physical signs of the disorder, and identify the drug class(es) used in pharmacological therapy with a discussion of the mechanism of action of the drug class(es). Explain why the pharmacodynamics of the drug class(es) would affect the pathology of the disorder to restore function and/or improve symptoms. Include a discussion of the drug pharmacokinetics for each drug class. Provide examples of available marketed drugs within each class. Describe any drug side effects and/or adverse effects of the drug treatment and their biological basis, including issues related to contraindications, interactions, drug metabolism, and elimination. In addition, explain risks, benefits, and ethical implications for high-risk and exceptional treatment conditions.
Conclusion:
Summarize theories of neuropsychological disorders as they relate to principles of drug action for that selected disorder. Provide a synopsis of the evidence base that supports or disproves current theories regarding the pathology of the disorder, advantages and disadvantages of current drug treatment(s). Lastly, evaluate any controversies regarding ethical and/or risk-benefit perspectives associated with the current treatment(s). Describe possible areas for future research.
APA Style 7 edition.
At least 6 Reference
Please see attached is 2 papers that was on this topic, you can reference information if you need to, its was required to be done prior to this paper final paper.
it could be either Depression, or major depressive disorder (MDD).
Answer preview
Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are another class of medications used. SNRIs mainly affect norepinephrine and serotonin and can successfully treat depression that is associated with anxiety. SNRIs maintain high levels of serotonin and norepinephrine by preventing them from being reabsorbed into the cells where they are produced. Currently, there are Seven SNRIs being used. Examples are milnacipran (Savella), duloxetine, venlafaxine, and levomilnacipran (Fetzima). Metabolism of SSRIs occurs through microsomal enzymes found in the river, they are then combined with glucuronide, and their excretion occurs through the river. The half-life of most SSRIs is 8-14 hours (Belujon & Grace, 2017). Most SNRIs have side effects like those of SSRIs (Forsberg et al., 2019). They include dizziness, constipation, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, agitation, and changes in appetite (Dionisie et al., 2020). Other common classes of medicines used to treat MDD are atypical antidepressants, tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase exhibitors (MAOIs)
