Discuss the sleep wake cycle and histamines role in it.
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The sleep-wake cycle is also commonly referred to as the circadian rhythm. It is a natural, 24-hour cycle regulating people’s sleep timing and wakefulness (Ubuka, 2021). It is affected by various external and internal factors, including histamine. This neurotransmitter is predominantly known for the role it plays within the immune system, especially when it comes to allergic responses (Ubuka, 2021). Despite this, it also operates as a vital regulator of this cycle, particularly in promoting wakefulness. Histamine is released by histaminergic neurons within the TMN (Ubuka, 2021). It helps promote wakefulness and maintain alertness during the day. Furthermore, its impact reduces when an individual sleeps, helping with their transition to sleep (Ubuka, 2021). Essentially, the interaction between this neurotransmitter and its receptors within various areas of the brain facilitates the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle, contributing to the balance between sleep and wakefulness.