Psychology

tHEORIES OF COUNSELING and PSYCH

tHEORIES OF COUNSELING and PSYCH

 

Enter MindTap via the link provided.

  • Return to Blackboard.
    • Participate in the discussion board. The link is located in this content folder.

    1. disscusion topic

  • Initial Post: Social interest is a cornerstone concept in Adlerian theory. How could you encourage your clients to develop social interest? Additionally, what are your thoughts about the emphasis that Adlerians place on encouragement as a therapeutic factor? Be sure to connect your response to something you learned in Chapter 5. To clearly illustrate that connection, your response must contain the page number from the textbook in order to earn full credit.

2. + respond -> i need respond to this classmate. Keep it positive and short 🙂

I agree with Adler that social interest is a very important aspect of humanity. According to Corey (2017), social interest involves a sense of being part of a community and being concerned about others in addition to ourselves (Corey, 2017, p. 102). In order to encourage clients to develop social interest, I would first want to learn about what relationships they currently have with others and see if they have a social interest or support system. It may be very easy to encourage someone who has social interest already to develop more of an interest in others than it would be for someone who feels alone and isolated. For a client who does not seem to have a sense of community or social interest, I would start with a small goal and try to get the client to show an interest in one other person, even if that just means holding the door for someone at the grocery store. If the client does something nice for someone else and feels good about him/herself, I would want to work up to bigger goals such as maybe doing some volunteer work or participating in a community event. Corey (2017), says that social interest is an important indicator of mental health according to Adlerians. As social interest starts to become a greater part of a person’s life, feelings of being inferior and isolation will start to fade (Corey, 2017, p. 102). I would frequently check in with the client as we progress from small goals to larger ones to see if their social interest is increasing and how he/she feels about themselves and whether or not a greater sense of community is forming.

Corey (2017) evaluates how encouragement is central to changing a person’s beliefs and instilling confidence and courage in a client (Corey, 2017, p. 105). When I read that, I instantly thought of a counselor being a cheerleader for their clients. Our goal as counselors is to help clients through very difficult experiences in their lives and I feel that encouraging a client is really shining a spotlight on what they are able to accomplish. Encouragement can give others a greater sense of self and feel more empowered to take control of their lives and make positive changes.

9 hours ago
9 hours ago

class 623

click mindtap acess link

note: its 3 part assignment

1. mindtap

2. discussion

3. respond to discussion

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Application: Case Study: Confidentiality, Privacy, and Privilege

Application: Case Study: Confidentiality, Privacy, and Privilege

(3- to 5-page paper)

In research, investigators must often collect data about very sensitive and private aspects of participants’ lives. In clinical work, psychology professionals are often privy to highly charged emotions and situations. In fact, due to the highly sensitive nature of their work, psychology professionals or those studying to be psychology professionals are often in morally ambiguous situations, or they may be working with individuals with conflicting demands, needs, or perceptions of what constitutes ethical behavior.

Concepts integral to the protection of information and individual rights include confidentiality, privacy, and privilege. These concepts often are used interchangeably, but they have distinct similarities and differences. It is imperative that psychology professionals fully understand their responsibilities related to each one. Failure to do so puts them at risk of violating trust-based relationships and may have significant ramifications.

For this Application, review the following Case Study:

You are conducting a study of resilience among families that have experienced domestic violence. You will meet with participants four times over a 1-year period, conducting numerous assessments of their psychological well-being and daily functioning in order to study patterns over time.

Maria is a 32-year-old Latina woman. She has volunteered herself and her daughter, Rosalinda (age 6) to participate in your study. Maria explains that she is separated from Rosalinda’s father, who has allegedly committed violent acts in the home. When Maria and Rosalinda came to the first data collection session, Maria read and signed an informed consent form while in the waiting room. The form was fairly standard, citing all the usual terms of and exceptions to confidentiality.

Over the course of the study, during the sessions, you begin to know both mother and daughter well. As you make your way through the daily functioning assessment interviews at the third session, Maria tells you that she has started to date again. Maria seems unusually anxious about finishing the interviews quickly. She watches the clock and interrupts you to confirm that she will be receiving the same $50 stipend that she received at the end of previous sessions. You also notice that Rosalinda’s distress symptoms appear to be getting worse. For example, she is extremely upset when Maria goes to the restroom and cannot be calmed for the rest of the session. However, you are not a clinician, so your impressions are based on your own personal experiences with children.

Shortly after Maria and Rosalinda leave, a man approaches your office and introduces himself as Maria’s husband. He appears to have followed them and wants to know what she and Rosalinda were doing in your office. He does not seem threatening in any way and seems quite civil and pleasant.

The Case Study allows you to apply ethics to real-life situations and demonstrate your understanding of the decision making needed to resolve such conflicts. It is rare for an ethical dilemma to involve only one issue, so you should take the time to reflect on the complications that present themselves in the situations described in the Case Study.

For this week’s Application, review the overview of the five ethical decision-making models that can be found in the Learning Resources section.

  • Koocher and Keith-Spiegel’s nine-step ethical decision-making model
  • Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists: The 10-step ethical decision-making process
  • Rest’s four-step ethical decision-making model
  • Jones’s four-step intensity-contingent ethical decision-making model
  • Fisher’s eight-step ethical decision-making model

For this week’s Application, submit by Day 7 a 3- to 5-page paper (including references) that includes the following:

  • An explanation of the ethical dilemmas you perceive to be involved in the Case Study.
  • A description of what you might do in response to the dilemma. Include the following in your explanation:
    • A step-by-step application of one of the decision-making models provided above.
    • An explanation of the possible outcomes for each individual in the Case Study.
    • An explanation of any benefits and limitations of the model you selected.

Week 4 Learning Resources

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This page contains the Learning Resources for this week. Be sure to scroll down the page to see all of this week’s assigned Learning Resources. To access select media resources, please use the media player below.

Required Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Readings

  • Fisher, C. B. (2017). Decoding the ethics code: A practical guide for psychologists (4th ed). California: Sage Publications, Inc.
    • Chapter 3, “The APA Ethics Code and Ethical Decision Making (pp. 31-53) (review for Case Study)
    • Chapter 7, “Standards on Privacy and Confidentiality” (pp. 172-202)
  • Bersoff, D. N. (2008). HIPAA: Federal regulation of healthcare records. In D. Bersoff, (Ed.), Ethical conflicts in psychology (4th ed.).(pp. 543–545). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • U.S. Department of Education. (n.d.). Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html
  • U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (n. d.). Understanding health information privacy.Retrieved from http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/understanding/index.html

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Relationship Analysis

Relationship Analysis

 

How does attraction happen and how do relationships form? Attraction and relationships are complex in that they are influenced by numerous factors, including, but not limited to, age and gender of the partners, stage of the relationship, and culture.

For this Assignment, you explore the elements of a relationship and the rules and expectations associated with them. You also examine what influences these elements and rules/expectations.

To prepare:

  • Review Chapter 10 of your course text, Social Psychology, focusing on attachments in childhood and adulthood. Also focus on the factors involved in attraction, romantic love, relationship satisfaction, and romantic breakups.
  • Review at least two of the journal articles in this week’s Learning Resources to explore aspects of attraction and romantic relationships in different cultures. (You do not have to read all of the articles.) Think about how people in a different culture might view and behave in relationships. Notice the similarities and differences between that culture and your own.

The Assignment (4-5 pages):

In a 4 to 5-page paper, analyze a personal relationship you have or have had (or a relationship of someone you know well). This relationship may be a romantic relationship or a friendship. Address the following:

  • Briefly identify the type of relationship you are using as your example and describe each person’s attachment style.
  • Select at least four concepts or theories from your readings that describe in more depth the relationship and/or how this relationship developed, was maintained, or ended. Analyze how these four concepts or theories relate to the relationship you have chosen to assess.
  • Finally, select a culture presented in one of the articles listed and consider how that cultural context could impact your relationship. If one or both of the individuals in your relationship was from this other culture, would your four selected concepts or theories still apply in the same way? If not, what would differ? Would another concept or theory be more applicable, and why? Use information from, and cite, your selected article.

Sources to be used:

Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Sommers, S. (2016). Social psychology (9th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.

Choose two or more of the following articles for review, of which you then write about one:

Arends-Tóth, J., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2009). Cultural differences in family, marital, and gender-role values among immigrants and majority members in the Netherlands. International Journal of Psychology, 44(3), 161–169.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Farrer, J., Tsuchiya, H., & Bagrowicz, B. (2008). Emotional expression in tsukiau dating relationships in Japan. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 25(1), 169–188.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Hiew, D. N., Kim Halford, W., van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Liu, S. (2015). Relationship standards and satisfaction in Chinese, Western, and Intercultural Chinese-Western couples in Australia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(5), 684–701.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Madathil, J., & Benshoff, J. (2008). Importance of marital characteristics and marital satisfaction: A comparison of Asian Indians in arranged marriages and Americans in marriages of choice. Family Journal, 16(3), 222–230.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Remennick, L. (2005). Cross-cultural dating patterns on an Israeli campus: Why are Russian immigrant women more popular than men? Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(4), 435–454.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Yarhouse, M., & Nowacki, S. (2007). The many meanings of marriage: Divergent perspectives seeking common ground. Family Journal, 15(1), 36–45.
Note: Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Required Media

Davidson, J. (Director), & Davidson, F. (Producer). (2005). Mary Ainsworth: Attachment and the growth of love [Video file]. Palo Alto, CA: Davidson Films. Retrieved from http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=https://se…
This video demonstrates attachment and the importance of close relationships. A baby monkey uses a cloth mother as a safe haven and a secure base, rather than the nutrition-providing wire monkey.Scroll down past “Segments” until you get to “Clips.” The required 20-second video clip is titled Harlow’s Monkey clip. The entire video is approximately 37 minutes.

Optional Resources

Document: Week 5 Study Guide (PDF)

Devine, P. G., Forscher, P. S., Austin, A. J., & Cox, W. L. (2012). Long-term reduction in implicit race bias: A prejudice habit-breaking intervention. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48(6), 1267–1278. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC360368…

Marti, M., Bobier, D., & Baron, R. (2000). Right before our eyes: The failure to recognize non-prototypical forms of prejudice. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 3(4), 403–418.

Miller, S. L., Zielaskowski, K., & Plant, E. A. (2012). The basis of shooter biases beyond cultural stereotypes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(10), 1358–1366.

Langfitt, F. (2015, March 26). Modern love in China: Shaking your smartphone to find your soul mate [Audio file]. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/03/26/3…

Chang, J., & Dazols, L. (2015, May). This is what LGBT life is like around the world [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/jenni_chang_and_lisa_dazols_this_is_what_lgbt_life_is_like_around_the_world

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Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology Presentation

Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology Presentation

Select one of the following disorders:

Create a 8-10 slide (title and reference slides are not included in this total) Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation in which you compare and contrast the major approaches to clinical psychology—psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and family systems—in relation to the selected disorder. Address the following items:

  • Discuss the philosophical origins of each approach.
  • Identify the goals of each approach.
  • Describe the techniques and strategies used by each approach.
  • Explain how each approach affects the treatment strategies for your selected disorder.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of each approach, in relation to your selected disorder, based on treatment outcome research.

Include speaker notes with your presentation, these must be comprehensive (at least 1 paragraph per slide).

Incorporate information from at least five peer-reviewed publications.

Cite each outside source on a slide titled References.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

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