Author name: Dr. Minai

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable Bowel Syndrome 

Irritable Bowel Syndrome 

Irritable bowel syndrome is a problem experienced by many people that affects the large intestine. Not all people have signs and symptoms as they can control them by managing diet, stress, and lifestyle. However, others have symptoms like bloating, abdominal pain, cramping, constipation, or diarrhea, which needs to be managed for quite some time. In others, the bowel movement changes in appearance, while others change how often they have bowel movements (Varjú, Farkas, Hegyi, Garami, Szabó, et al., 2017).

Sometimes the IBS becomes more persistent to the point of seeing a doctor as they may indicate a sign of more severe conditions like cancer. Such symptoms include night diarrhea, weight loss, experiencing bleeding, which is a symptom of severe conditions like anal fissures, hemorrhoids, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Other serious signs include unexplained vomiting, having difficulties swallowing, and persistent pain that isn’t relieved by bowel movements or gas.

IBS is caused mainly by intestinal muscle contraction, whereby if they are more robust and last longer than usual, they can cause bloating and diarrhea. Also, when the intestinal contractions are weaker, they slow down food passage leading to hard and dry stool, causing bleeding. Abnormalities in the nervous digestion system can cause poor coordination between the intestines and the brain, leading to an overreaction in the normal digestion process, which in return causes abdominal discomforts when passing gas or stool. These abnormalities cause pain, diarrhea, and constipation.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome can also be caused by severe infections caused by bacteria or viruses, spreading to the large intestines. People who have experienced a lot of stress, especially during childhood, tend to have Irritable Bowel Syndrome symptoms. Also, the intestines have viruses that lay a crucial role in people’s health. Changes in those gut microbes can cause IBS.

There is no proven treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome. However, medications manage and relieve the symptoms (Moayyedi, Andrews, MacQueen, Korownyk, Marsiglio, et al., 2019). Most home remedies for controlling IBS include physical exercise, eating smaller meals, minimizing stress, avoiding spicy and deep-fried foods, and taking probiotics to relieve gas. However, if the problem persists, some medication can help relieve the problem, including Alosetron, which slows the waste movements and relaxes the colon. Eluxadoline, Rifaximin, Lubiprostone, and Linaclotide are used to control muscle spasms, constipation and ease pain.

Summary

Symptoms

  1. Cramping and abdominal pains related to abnormal passing bowel movement
  2. Different bowel movement appearance
  3. Changes in bowel movement occasions
  4. Night diarrhea, weight loss, and bleeding during bowel movements
  5. Unexplained vomiting, difficulties swallowing, and persistent abdominal pain.

Causes

  1. Contractions of muscles in the intestine.
  2. Nervous system abnormalities
  3. Severe bacterial infection
  4. Continuous exposure to stress.
  5. Changes in bacteria’s found in the intestines.

Treatment

  1. Home remedies include participation in regular exercises, consuming smaller meals, avoiding spicy foods, minimizing stress, and taking probiotics.
  2. Hospital medication to relieve the disease includes Eluxadoline, Rifaximin, Lubiprostone, Linaclotide, and Alosetron used to control muscle spasms, constipation, and ease pain.

 

 

 

 

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How to succeed in your final exams

The following article is written by Jess Holsman, Deakin psychology graduate and founder of YouTube’s ‘Study With Jess’, where she gives advice to thousands of students around the world on effective study.

You’ve no doubt spent weeks revising for your upcoming exams and now that they are finally here, there are a few important things to remember and do to help you perform at your best. Here are five things to remember when taking your exams to ensure the best outcome!

1. Create a plan of attack

Make sure to enter into the exam venue with a plan of attack. Before commencing, budget your time wisely and consider how you plan to spend the next few hours. Divide your exam time according to how long you anticipate you will need to answer each of the sections of your exam and do your best to adhere to a strict schedule to ensure you complete each section in time.

2. A multiple-choice tip

When reading a multiple-choice question, use your hand or your answer sheet to cover all of the potential answers. Brainstorm what you know about the topic first, before looking at the potential answers to avoid getting confused. Even though some answers may seem like a viable choice, allowing yourself to recall the relevant information first, before glancing over potential answers will help you to differentiate between what appears to be a logical option and what is in fact correct!

3. A tip for gaining extra time

Even though you can’t fill in the answers during reading time, gain extra time on an exam by using this time to answer multiple-choice questions in your head. On average, you are expected to be able to solve one question per minute. That means you could answer up to 10 multiple-choice questions in the first minute of writing time and gain yourself an additional 10 minutes on your exam!

4. Adapt your responses

Students often make the mistake of rote learning essays for exams. Often, questions in the exam will be similar to those that your teacher had provided you in class, however it is likely that the essay question will be an adaptation of the practice questions you were given in class. As a result, your polished and prelearned responses will likely fail to address the question effectively and could cost you significant marks in the exam! Instead, spend time learning the main points of each of your previously written paragraphs so that you can adapt your responses to the exam’s essay question.

5. Show your workings

Subjects that typically require you to show your workings in an exam include maths, chemistry and biology. While you may not feel the need to work out questions in your exam booklet and are able to solve them in your head, showing your workings as well as providing the answer in your exam booklet can prove to be highly advantageous! In the unfortunate event that you answer a question incorrectly but your workings were still correct, you may still be eligible to earn some marks.

Good luck for your exams!

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